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Proofs
How Can You Find the Angle Between Two Vectors?
The angle between two vectors is always an angle α ∈ [0°, 180°].
Formula
Example 1
Find the angle between the vectors (4, 1) and (2,−3).
You insert the numbers into the formula, which gives you cos α = (4, 1) ⋅ (2,−3) | (4, 1)| ⋅ | (2,−3)| = 8 − 3 42 + 12 ⋅22 + (−3 ) 2 = 5 17 ⋅13 ≈ 5 14.86 ≈ 0.336.
That means the angle is